A.Crops of subsidiary species, (usually low shrubs but on occasion small trees or even herbs)
B.Intentionally introduced into a plantation with the primary object of restoring a cover to the soil as quickly as possible
C.It minimizing the known deterioration consequent on exposure
D.All of the above
A.There is no need to eliminate any plant that is not going to suppress, endanger
B.Or hamper the growth of a distinctly desirable member of the new stand
C.Both (a) & (b)
D.None of these
A.Artificial mulches: Paper and plastic mulches
B.Natural mulches
C.Inorganic; soil mulch and stone mulch
D.Organic; branches, twigs and leaves, leaf litter, grass weed
E.All of the above
A.Hundred percent successful stocking from the first sowing
B.Or planting out is rarely attained except with the more elaborate methods
C.The causalities have to be replaced to give good results
D.All of the above
A.Dominant trees (d)
B.Suppressed trees (s)
C.Dead and moribund trees (m)
D.Diseased trees (k)
E.All of the above
A.In principle from the two methods already discussed
B.The dominant trees are removed in order to stimulate the growth of the trees of the lower crown classes
C.The same kind of vigorous trees those are favoured in crown
D.All of the above
A.Are a great menace to young regeneration
B.Must be closely watched
C.The course of a month or two
D.They may pull over the saplings, break the leading shoots
E.All of the above
A.Predominant trees comprising all the largest trees which determine the general top level of the canopy
B.Codominant trees which fall short of this, averaging about 5/6th of the height of predminants
C.Trees with forked leader and similar defects
D.All of the above
A.Trees are removed from the lower crown classes
B.In the lighest grade of low thinnings only the suppressed trees would be removed
C.Both (a) & (b)
D.None of these
A.Initial cost
B.Mortality
C.Number of years remaining before harvest
D.Interest rate at which pruning cost is compounded
E.All of the above
